The Acetate Switch

Quorum sensing "flips" the acetate switch.

GUEST COMMENTARY Quorum Sensing “Flips” the Acetate Switch

The term “acetate switch” refers to the transition from acetate production (dissimilation) to acetate utilization (assimilation). Best studied with the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, the acetate switch takes place as cells deplete their environment of acetate-producing (acetogenic) carbon sources, such as D-glucose or L-serine, and begin to scavenge for the previously produced and excreted...

AinS quorum sensing regulates the Vibrio fischeri acetate switch.

The marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri uses two acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) quorum-sensing systems. The earlier signal, octanoyl-HSL, produced by AinS, is required for normal colonization of the squid Euprymna scolopes and, in culture, is necessary for a normal growth yield. In examining the latter requirement, we found that during growth in a glycerol/tryptone-based medium, wild-type V. f...

Correction: The Acetate/ACSS2 Switch Regulates HIF-2 Stress Signaling in the Tumor Cell Microenvironment

Optimal stress signaling by Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2) during low oxygen states or hypoxia requires coupled actions of a specific coactivator/lysine acetyltransferase, Creb binding protein (CBP), and a specific deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We recently reported that acetylation of HIF-2 by CBP also requires a specific acetyl CoA generator, acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (AC...

Comparison of switch to fingolimod or interferon beta/glatiramer acetate in active multiple sclerosis.

IMPORTANCE After multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse while a patient is receiving an injectable disease-modifying drug, many physicians advocate therapy switch, but the relative effectiveness of different switch decisions is often uncertain. OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of the oral immunomodulator fingolimod with that of all injectable immunomodulators (interferons or glatiramer acetate) on re...